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State Estimation State Estimation processes telemetered system power measurements to obtain an estimate of the magnitudes and phase angles of bus voltages in the actual power systems, using the following telemetered data: Statuses of circuit breakers and disconnect switches, and positions of transformer taps, which are used to update the network model Measurements of branch flows, in megawatts, megavars, or amperes Measurements of loads, in megawatts, megavars, or amperes Measurements of bus section voltage magnitude Using these values, the State Estimator examines the data for obvious data errors, determines those portions of the network which have sufficient telemetry to be observable, generates artificial measurements (called "pseudo" and "virtual" measurements) at locations where they are required for observability, and then computes the estimate of the system voltages and the tap positions of tap changing transformers. You can specify a range of abnormal values and/or residuals to produce various displays for reporting abnormal system conditions and discrepancy between measured and estimated values. You can also direct the program to compute a table which orders the measurements in terms of normalized residuals. The measurements which appear first in this table are those which are most suspect.
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