- Short Circuit Analysis - Load Estimation - Optimal Switching

- Protection Coordination - Optimal Capacitor Placement - Outage Scheduler

Short Circuit Analysis (SCA) calculates fault currents from each source to the fault point. The source voltages behind internal impedances are calculated based on the load flow solution. The selected fault conditions can be phase-to-ground, phase-to-phase, or three-phase faults. The user is capable of specifying fault locations. When a fault occurs, the fault impedance will connect from the fault location to ground, or to another phase, depending on the fault type. Positive, negative and zero sequence networks are then created, and the fault current is computed. SCA uses the same solution algorithm as DPF.

Optimal Switching (OSw) programmatically analyzes the system and recommends changes in order to optimize the network operation. Its operation does not affect the real time operation of any other functions.

OSw provides detailed recommended switching procedures, which, if accepted, may be automatically transferred to the Switch Order Management application.

Protection Coordination (PCN) is an analysis application that uses a unique library of products and specifications to optimize deployment of relays, switches and other protective devices throughout your network. Since changes are not implemented until you have determined the best possible combination of important network factors, you can perform a complete analysis without compromising the real-time operation of your network.

PCN gives your system operation engineers and dispatchers a way to review, edit and analyze the protective device settings of:

- circuit breaker relays
- automatic reclosing relays
- fuses

PCN shows time-current curves of protective devices, and determines appropriate parameter settings based on known fault currents. A user-defined protective device library with relevant time-current curves and parameters can be edited or modified through PCN. When selected for study, these devices can be displayed with up to ten time-current curves on a log-log scale. You can add new devices to the library through the library edit functions. It is easy to set parameters for individual devices, add or delete individual time-currents, select alternative protection devices from the device library, and add or delete phase-to-ground, phase-to-phase, or three-phase fault current lines.

Optimal Capacitor Placement (OCP) is a real-time application that uses your historical system data to optimize your network configuration by exhaustively testing alternate locations for capacitor banks on feeder lines. Since changes are not implemented until you have determined the best possible combination of important network factors, you can perform a complete analysis without compromising the real-time operation of your network.

OCP dynamically minimizes feeder losses when capacitor bank voltages and power factors must be maintained within specific limits. It allows you to specify the capacitor banks based on whether they are moveable or non-moveable. You can also determine if a network bus must be located with or without a capacitor bank. OCP then determines the optimal location and on/off status required to meet the optimization objective.

OCP performs at any scale you need, from feeder to full-scale network. But regardless of the scope of your study, OCP operates in the same way. It performs an exhaustive search evaluation of each feeder in the network. Utilizing a simplified load flow algorithm, it evaluates every possible capacitor bank location to find the optimal location to minimize energy loss without causing overloading and voltage violations in the normal feeder configuration. Starting from the initial locations of all the candidate capacitor banks, OCP selects one capacitor bank to relocate, starting at the feeder breaker, and tries every available network node down to the feeder end to see if there is any improvement.